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Published June 10, 2019 | Published + Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

Cluster Cosmology Constraints from the 2500 deg^2 SPT-SZ Survey: Inclusion of Weak Gravitational Lensing Data from Magellan and the Hubble Space Telescope

Abstract

We derive cosmological constraints using a galaxy cluster sample selected from the 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ survey. The sample spans the redshift range 0.25 < z < 1.75 and contains 343 clusters with SZ detection significance ξ > 5. The sample is supplemented with optical weak gravitational lensing measurements of 32 clusters with 0.29 < z < 1.13 (from Magellan and Hubble Space Telescope) and X-ray measurements of 89 clusters with 0.25 < z < 1.75 (from Chandra). We rely on minimal modeling assumptions: (i) weak lensing provides an accurate means of measuring halo masses, (ii) the mean SZ and X-ray observables are related to the true halo mass through power-law relations in mass and dimensionless Hubble parameter E(z) with a priori unknown parameters, and (iii) there is (correlated, lognormal) intrinsic scatter and measurement noise relating these observables to their mean relations. We simultaneously fit for these astrophysical modeling parameters and for cosmology. Assuming a flat νΛCDM model, in which the sum of neutrino masses is a free parameter, we measure Ω_m = 0.276 ± 0.047, σ_8 = 0.781 ± 0.037, and σ_8(Ω_m/0.3)^(0.2) = 0.766 ±0.025. The redshift evolutions of the X-ray Y_X–mass and M_(gas)–mass relations are both consistent with self-similar evolution to within 1σ. The mass slope of the Y_X–mass relation shows a 2.3σ deviation from self-similarity. Similarly, the mass slope of the M_(gas)–mass relation is steeper than self-similarity at the 2.5σ level. In a νw CDM cosmology, we measure the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w = −1.55 ± 0.41 from the cluster data. We perform a measurement of the growth of structure since redshift z ~ 1.7 and find no evidence for tension with the prediction from general relativity. This is the first analysis of the SPT cluster sample that uses direct weak-lensing mass calibration and is a step toward using the much larger weak-lensing data set from DES. We provide updated redshift and mass estimates for the SPT sample.

Additional Information

© 2019. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2018 December 5; revised 2019 April 16; accepted 2019 April 29; published 2019 June 13. We thank Holger Israel for his feedback on the manuscript and Joe Zuntz for support with CosmoSIS. This work is partially based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, using imaging data from the SPT follow-up GO programs 12246 (PI: C. Stubbs) and 12477 (PI: F. W. High), as well as archival data from GO programs 9425, 9500, 9583, 10134, 12064, 12440, and 12757, obtained via the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Munich group acknowledges the support by the DFG Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe," the Transregio program TR33 "The Dark Universe," the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faculty Fellowship Program, and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported under the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. T.S. acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) provided through DLR under projects 50 OR 1210, 50 OR 1308, 50 OR 1407, 50 OR 1610, and 50 OR 1803. The Stanford/SLAC group acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under grant No. NNX15AE12G, issued through the ROSES 2014 Astrophysics Data Analysis Program. The Melbourne group acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme (DP150103208). A.v.d.L. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under award No. DE-SC0018053. D.R. is supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Program Senior Fellowship at the NASA Ames Research Center, administered by the Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. The South Pole Telescope is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-1125897 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant GBMF 947. Facilities: South Pole Telescope - , Magellan: Clay (Megacam) - , Hubble Space Telescope - , Chandra - , Gemini:South (GMOS) - Gemini South Telescope, Magellan: Clay (PISCO) - . Software: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2018), numpy (van der Walt et al. 2011), scipy (Jones et al. 2001), CosmoSIS (Zuntz et al. 2015), GetDist (see footnote 53), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), pyGTC59 (Bocquet & Carter 2016).

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Published - Bocquet_2019_ApJ_878_55.pdf

Accepted Version - 1812.01679.pdf

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August 19, 2023
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