A warm Jupiter-sized planet transiting the pre-main sequence star V1298 Tau

Creators: David, Trevor J.; Cody, Ann Marie; Hedges, Christina L.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Ciardi, David R.; Beichman, Charles A.; Petigura, Erik A.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W.; Gagné, Jonathan; Saunders, Nicholas K.; Rebull, Luisa M.; Stauffer, John R.; Vasisht, Gautam; Hinkley, Sasha

Abstract

We report the detection of V1298 Tau b, a warm Jupiter-sized planet (R_P = 0.91 ± 0.05 R_(Jup), P = 24.1 days) transiting a young solar analog with an estimated age of 23 Myr. The star and its planet belong to Group 29, a young association in the foreground of the Taurus–Auriga star-forming region. While hot Jupiters have been previously reported around young stars, those planets are non-transiting and near-term atmospheric characterization is not feasible. The V1298 Tau system is a compelling target for follow-up study through transmission spectroscopy and Doppler tomography owing to the transit depth (0.5%), host star brightness (K_s = 8.1 mag), and rapid stellar rotation (v sin i = 23 km s^(−1)). Although the planet is Jupiter-sized, its mass is currently unknown due to high-amplitude radial velocity jitter. Nevertheless, V1298 Tau b may help constrain formation scenarios for at least one class of close-in exoplanets, providing a window into the nascent evolution of planetary interiors and atmospheres.

Additional Information

© 2019 The American Astronomical Society. Received 2019 February 25; revised 2019 June 6; accepted 2019 June 10; published 2019 July 25. We are grateful to Rodrigo Luger, Dan Foreman-Mackey, Marcie Smith, Jeffrey Smith, Konstantin Batygin, Yanqin Wu, and Eve Lee for helpful discussions, and to Scott Davidoff for guidance on figures. This work made use of the gaia-kepler.fun crossmatch database created by Megan Bedell. T.J.D. and E.E.M. gratefully acknowledge support from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Exoplanetary Science Initiative. E.E.M. acknowledges support from the NASA NExSS program. E.A.P. is supported through a Hubble Fellowship. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission, funded by the NASA Science Mission directorate. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Some data presented herein were obtained at W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the CIT, the Univ. of California and NASA. The authors recognize and acknowledge the significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to conduct observations from this mountain. Facilities: Gaia - , Keck:I (HIRES) - , Keck:II (NIRC2) - , Kepler. - Software: astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), BANYAN Σ (Gagné et al. 2018), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), exoplanet (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2019), EVEREST 2.0 (Luger et al. 2018), K2SC (Aigrain et al. 2016), K2PHOT (Petigura et al. 2018), lightkurve (Barentsen et al. 2019), lmfit (Newville et al. 2014), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), PyMC3 (Salvatier et al. 2016), PyTransit (Parviainen 2015), RadVel (Fulton et al. 2018), starry (Luger et al. 2019), TERRA (Petigura et al. 2013), theano (Theano Development Team 2016).

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