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Published October 2014 | Published
Journal Article Open

Automatic picking of direct P, S seismic phases and fault zone head waves

Abstract

We develop a set of algorithms for automatic detection and picking of direct P and S waves, as well as fault zone head waves (FZHW), generated by earthquakes on faults that separate different lithologies and recorded by local seismic networks. The S-wave picks are performed using polarization analysis and related filters to remove P-wave energy from the seismograms, and utilize STA/LTA and kurtosis detectors in tandem to lock on the phase arrival. The early portions of P waveforms are processed with STA/LTA, kurtosis and skewness detectors for possible first-arriving FZHW. Identification and picking of direct P and FZHW is performed by a multistage algorithm that accounts for basic characteristics (motion polarities, time difference, sharpness and amplitudes) of the two phases. The algorithm is shown to perform well on synthetic seismograms produced by a model with a velocity contrast across the fault, and observed data generated by earthquakes along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault and the Hayward fault. The developed techniques can be used for systematic processing of large seismic waveform data sets recorded near major faults.

Additional Information

© The Authors 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted 2014 July 8. Received 2014 July 5; in original form 2014 March 24. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-0908903 and EAR-1315340). The manuscript benefitted from constructive comments of two anonymous referees.

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August 20, 2023
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October 20, 2023