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Published June 2019 | public
Journal Article

Site effects in Mexico City basin: Past and present

Abstract

Due to the unique subsoil conditions prevailing in the Mexico City basin, seismic risk has been strongly correlated to site effects. Thus, during the Mw 8.1 09/19/1985 subduction fault earthquake, and its strong aftershock Mw 7.5 09/21/1985, extensive damage was observed in the area, along with the loss of thousands of lives, despite these events had an epicentral distance of around 430 km from Mexico City. The observed damage was mostly due to site affects originated by the high plastiCity clay deposits found in the basin, which lead to large amplifications, and duration elongation of the ground motions coming from the epicenter. In addition, a frequency content modification occurs, which in turn, leads to a double resonance effect between the incoming ground motions, soil deposits, and the damaged buildings. Exactly 32 years after this devastating event, the Mw 7.1 09/19/2017 normal fault earthquake, reminded us of the importance of accounting for site effects, and most importantly the need to carry out a proper characterization of basin geometry, soil profile configuration, hydraulic conditions, and maintenance-structure periodic assessments of the building stock in Mexico City. This is required to reduce uncertainties of seismic vulnerability studies for extreme-event seismic hazard scenarios. In this paper, the role of site response and seismic soil-structure interaction as key factors responsible of the observed damage in the City is revisited, through series of 3D finite difference models of typical structure-foundation-soil typologies found at the areas where most of the damage was observed, highlighting its clear impact in the final damage distribution observed around the City.

Additional Information

© 2019 Elsevier. Received 4 September 2018, Revised 24 February 2019, Accepted 25 February 2019, Available online 29 March 2019. The work of the GEER Association is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Geotechnical Engineering Program under Grant No. CMMI-1266418. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. The GEER Association is made possible by the vision and support of the NSF Geotechnical Engineering Program Directors: Dr. Richard Fragaszy and the late Dr. Cliff Astill. We acknowledge and thank UNAM for the resources, space, and personnel provided to the GEER team during this reconnaissance effort. We also acknowledge and thank the support given to professor Gonzalo Montalva by SOCHIGE (Sociedad Chilena de Geotecnia) and his corresponding home university. Seismic measurements presented herein are the product of the instrumentation and processing work of the Seismic Instrumentation Unit at the Institute of Engineering of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 20, 2023