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Published February 2019 | Published + Submitted
Journal Article Open

Orbital Clustering in the Distant Solar System

Abstract

The most distant Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) appear to be clustered in longitude of perihelion and in orbital pole position. To date, the only two suggestions for the cause of these apparent clusterings have been either the effects of observational bias or the existence of a distant giant planet in an eccentric inclined orbit known as Planet Nine. To determine if observational bias can be the cause of these apparent clusterings, we develop a rigorous method of quantifying the observational biases in the observations of longitude of perihelion and orbital pole position. From this now more complete understanding of the biases, we calculate that the probability that these distant KBOs would be clustered as strongly as observed in both longitude of perihelion and in orbital pole position is only 0.2%. While explanations other than Planet Nine may someday be found, the statistical significance of this clustering is now difficult to discount.

Additional Information

© 2019 The American Astronomical Society. Received 2018 July 27; revised 2018 October 17; accepted 2018 November 11; published 2019 January 22. We would like to thank the referee for an insightful question that lead to a significant improvement in this analysis. Discussions with David Gerdes, Matt Holman, Chad Trujillo, and Elizabeth Bailey helped to shape these arguments.

Attached Files

Published - Brown_2019_AJ_157_62.pdf

Submitted - 1901.07115.pdf

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Additional details

Created:
August 19, 2023
Modified:
October 20, 2023