Chemosensory modulation of neural circuits for sodium appetite
Abstract
Sodium is the main cation in the extracellular fluid and it regulates various physiological functions. Depletion of sodium in the body increases the hedonic value of sodium taste, which drives animals towards sodium consumption. By contrast, oral sodium detection rapidly quenches sodium appetite, suggesting that taste signals have a central role in sodium appetite and its satiation. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms of chemosensory-based appetite regulation remain poorly understood. Here we identify genetically defined neural circuits in mice that control sodium intake by integrating chemosensory and internal depletion signals. We show that a subset of excitatory neurons in the pre-locus coeruleus express prodynorphin, and that these neurons are a critical neural substrate for sodium-intake behaviour. Acute stimulation of this population triggered robust ingestion of sodium even from rock salt, while evoking aversive signals. Inhibition of the same neurons reduced sodium consumption selectively. We further demonstrate that the oral detection of sodium rapidly suppresses these sodium-appetite neurons. Simultaneous in vivo optical recording and gastric infusion revealed that sodium taste—but not sodium ingestion per se—is required for the acute modulation of neurons in the pre-locus coeruleus that express prodynorphin, and for satiation of sodium appetite. Moreover, retrograde-virus tracing showed that sensory modulation is in part mediated by specific GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-producing neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This inhibitory neural population is activated by sodium ingestion, and sends rapid inhibitory signals to sodium-appetite neurons. Together, this study reveals a neural architecture that integrates chemosensory signals and the internal need to maintain sodium balance.
Additional Information
© 2019 Springer Nature Publishing AG. Received 18 September 2018; Accepted 31 January 2019; Published 27 March 2019. Data availability: Data and code are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. We thank the members of the Oka laboratory and D. J. Anderson for discussion and comments; B. Lowell and M. Krashes for providing PDYN–Cre mice; A. Fejes-Toth for HSD2–Cre mice; and Y. Peng for real-time mouse tracking software. This work was supported by Startup funds from California Institute of Technology. Y.O. is supported by the Searle Scholars Program, the Mallinckrodt Foundation, the McKnight Foundation, the Klingenstein-Simons Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R56MH113030, R01NS109997). D.K. is supported by the NIH (R01 DK108797 and R01 NS107315). H.E. is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Reviewer information: Nature thanks Charles Bourque, Ivan de Araujo and Michael McKinley for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Author Contributions: S.L. and Y.O. conceived the research programme and designed the experiments. S.L. performed the experiments and analysed the data, with help from V.A. and Y.O. H.E. and B.H. performed intragastric surgery. Y.Z. performed all slice patch-clamp recordings. D.K. generated and maintained the PDYN–GFP animals. S.L. and Y.O. wrote the paper. Y.O. supervised the work. The authors declare no competing interests.Attached Files
Accepted Version - nihms-1520487.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41586_2019_1053_Fig10_ESM.jpg
Supplemental Material - 41586_2019_1053_Fig11_ESM.jpg
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Supplemental Material - 41586_2019_1053_Fig9_ESM.jpg
Supplemental Material - 41586_2019_1053_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41586_2019_1053_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41586_2019_1053_MOESM3_ESM.mp4
Supplemental Material - 41586_2019_1053_MOESM4_ESM.mp4
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC7122814
- Eprint ID
- 92400
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20190122-131625102
- Caltech
- Searle Scholars Program
- Mallinckrodt Foundation
- McKnight Foundation
- Klingenstein-Simons Foundation
- NIH
- R56MH113030
- NIH
- R01NS109997
- NIH
- R01 DK108797
- NIH
- R01 NS107315
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Created
-
2019-03-27Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience