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Published February 19, 2016 | public
Book Section - Chapter

Biochemical assays used for in vitro and in vivo gene expression

Abstract

Development of sensitive biochemical assays is important for the detection of diseased tissue, single nucleotide polymorphism, and gene expression analysis. Biochemical assays are mainly based on a combination of electrophoretic and hybridization techniques. Hybridization techniques are well-characterized, sensitive, and quantitative. Polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and micro-arrays are examples of highly sensitive hybridization approaches, used in laboratories and clinics, for the detection of exogenous or diseased deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The combination of hybridization approaches with highly sensitive instruments such as mass adsorption laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrophotometer (MALDI-TOF MS) allows accurate detection of DNA and RNA molecules in vitro. Reporter gene systems are also frequently used in research for the indication of successful delivery of exogenous DNA. In vivo detection of DNA/RNA is cumbersome and is achieved by optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, or immunohistochemistry.

Additional Information

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Available online 19 February 2016.

Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 18, 2023