Multimodal Prussian blue analogs as contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography
Abstract
Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are versatile materials with a wide range of applications. Due to their tunability, intrinsic biocompatibility, as well as low toxicity, these nanoscale coordination polymers have been successfully studied as multimodal contrast agents for multiple imaging techniques. Herein, we report the expanded biomedical application of PBAs to X-ray computed tomography (CT). In our systematic study of the series A{Mn^(II)[Fe^(III)(CN)6]} (A = K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+), we showed that derivatives incorporating Rb+ and Cs+ ions in the tetrahedral sites of the parent face-centered cubic cyano-bridged networks exhibited substantially increased X-ray attenuation coefficients, thus yielding significant contrast compared to the clinically approved X-ray contrast agent iohexol at the same concentrations. Additionally, our μ-CT studies revealed that these PBAs could be useful as dual-energy CT contrast agents for different biological specimens by using the lower varying scanning X-ray tube voltages. Finally, in vitro studies using U87-Luc cells treated with PBAs, including cellular CT imaging and bioluminescence cell viability assays, revealed that PBAs were taken up by the glioblastoma cells, with moderate biocompatibility at concentrations below the mM range.
Additional Information
© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. The article was received on 27 Apr 2018, accepted on 16 Jul 2018 and first published on 17 Jul 2018. We thank G. Esteban Fernandez for his help with optical imaging. We are thankful to Rex A. Moats and Harvey Pollack for an insightful discussion on X-ray computed tomography experiments. We also thank Gevorg Karapetyan and Seda Mkhitaryan for their assistance with cell culture and bioluminescence cell viability assays. We thank the Radiology Research Fund and TSRI; the European Union (project ERC StG grant CHEMCOMP no 279313); the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through project CTQ2015-71287-R; and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-1406 and the CERCA programme) for their financial support. There are no conflicts to declare.Attached Files
Supplemental Material - c8dt01687a1.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 88562
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20180803-095410690
- Radiology Research Fund
- TSRI
- 279313
- European Research Council (ERC)
- CTQ2015-71287-R
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
- 2017-SGR-1406
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- CERCA Programme
- Created
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2018-08-03Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field