An effective universality theorem for the Riemann zeta-function

Abstract

Let 00, once T is large enough. This was refined by Bagchi who showed that the measure of such t∈[0,T] is (c(ε)+o(1))T, for all but at most countably many ε>0. Using a completely different approach, we obtain the first effective version of Voronin's Theorem, by showing that in the rate of convergence one can save a small power of the logarithm of T. Our method is flexible, and can be generalized to other L-functions in the t-aspect, as well as to families of L-functions in the conductor aspect.

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