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Published May 1, 1999 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Hydrate Formation from Gaseous CO_2 and Water

Abstract

Economics of creating CO_2 hydrate on a large scale favor use of gaseous rather than liquid CO_2 as input to the production process. We accordingly studied systems using deionized water and CO_2 gas to reduce formation pressures and costs of hydrate production to the greatest extent possible. Three research avenues were explored:  utilization of hysteresis effects, use of dissolved Snomax (a protein from the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae), and development of a continuous flow reactor (cfr) utilizing vigorous mixing of water and CO_2 gas. Hysteresis effects produced pressure reductions of 14−50%. We demonstrated a method of transferring benefits from the hysteresis effect to a CO_2 water mixture that had not yet undergone hydrate formation. Snomax at 10 ppm by weight produced about a 5% reduction in hydrate formation pressure. We designed and operated a prototype cfr with partial success at producing CO_2 hydrate. The hydrate phase diagram is based on hydrate decomposition pressures and should not be used as an indicator of formation pressures.

Additional Information

© 1999 American Chemical Society. Received for review July 20, 1998. Revised manuscript received January 29, 1999. Accepted February 5, 1999. We are grateful to Mr. Wayne Talmiter of Genencor for providing a sample of snomax for use in our investigations. Assistance from the staff of the Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory is acknowledged with gratitude. The research was supported by a grant from the Electric Power Research Institute.

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