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Published June 2018 | Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

Biomolecular Ultrasound and Sonogenetics

Abstract

Visualizing and modulating molecular and cellular processes occurring deep within living organisms is fundamental to our study of basic biology and disease. Currently, the most sophisticated tools available to dynamically monitor and control cellular events rely on light-responsive proteins, which are difficult to use outside of optically transparent model systems, cultured cells, or surgically accessed regions owing to strong scattering of light by biological tissue. In contrast, ultrasound is a widely used medical imaging and therapeutic modality that enables the observation and perturbation of internal anatomy and physiology but has historically had limited ability to monitor and control specific cellular processes. Recent advances are beginning to address this limitation through the development of biomolecular tools that allow ultrasound to connect directly to cellular functions such as gene expression. Driven by the discovery and engineering of new contrast agents, reporter genes, and bioswitches, the nascent field of biomolecular ultrasound carries a wave of exciting opportunities.

Additional Information

© 2018 Annual Reviews. Review in Advance first posted online on March 26, 2018. The authors are not aware of any affiliations, memberships, funding, or financial holdings that might be perceived as affecting the objectivity of this review. The authors thank members of the Shapiro laboratory and collaborators for helpful discussions. Related work in the Shapiro laboratory is supported by the Heritage Medical Research Institute, the National Institutes of Health, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering in Medicine, the Caltech Center for Environmental Microbial Interactions, the Human Frontiers Science Program, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the Pew Scholarship in the Biomedical Sciences, the Sontag Foundation, and the Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering. D.M. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Human Frontier Science Program. A.L. and M.A. are supported by the National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship.

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Created:
August 19, 2023
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October 18, 2023