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Published December 2017 | public
Book Section - Chapter

Spectral Characterization of Controllability and Observability for Frequency Regulation Dynamics

Abstract

We give a full characterization using spectral graph theory of the controllability and observability of the swing and power flow dynamics in frequency regulation. In particular, we show that the controllability/observability of the system depends on two orthogonal conditions: 1) intrinsic structure of the system graph 2) algebraic coverage of buses with controllable loads/sensors. Condition 1) encodes information on graph symmetry and is shown to hold for almost all practical systems. Condition 2) captures how buses interact with each other through the network and can be verified using the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian matrix. Based on this framework, the optimal placement of controllable loads and sensors in the network can be formulated as a set cover problem. We demonstrate how our results identify the critical buses in real systems by performing simulation in the IEEE 39-bus New England interconnection test system. We show that for this testbed, a single well chosen bus is capable of providing full controllability/observability.

Additional Information

© 2017 IEEE. Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 23 January 2018. The authors would like to thank Professor Janusz Bialek from Skoltech, John Pang and Chen Liang from Caltech for helpful discussions. This work has been supported by NSF grants through EPCN 1619352, CNS 1545096 CCF 1637598, ARPA-E grant through award DE-AR0000699 and DTRA through grant HDTRA 1-15-1-0003.

Additional details

Created:
August 19, 2023
Modified:
October 18, 2023