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Published July 1995 | public
Journal Article

Quantal response equilibria for normal form games

Abstract

We investigate the use of standard statistical models for quantal choice in a game theoretic setting. Players choose strategies based on relative expected utility and assume other players do so as well. We define a quantal response equilibrium (ORE) as a fixed point of this process and establish existence. For a logit specification of the error structure, we show that as the error goes to zero, QRE approaches a subset of Nash equilibria and also implies a unique selection from the set of Nash equilibria in generic games. We fit the model to a variety of experimental data sets by using maximum likelihood estimation.

Additional Information

© 1995 Academic Press. Received March 18, 1994. We acknowledge the support of National Science Foundation Grant SBR-9223701 to the California Institute of Technology and the support of the JPL-Caltech supercomputer project. We thank Barry O'Neill, Richard Boebel, Jack Ochs, and Amnon Rapoport for sharing their data. We acknowledge valuable discussions with Mahmoud El-Gamal and Mark Fey, helpful comments at several conference and seminar presentations, suggestions by a referee, and the research assistance of Yan Chen and Eugene Grayver. Formerly SSWP 883.

Additional details

Created:
August 20, 2023
Modified:
October 17, 2023