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Published October 26, 2017 | Published
Journal Article Open

Determining the Quality Factor of Dielectric Ceramic Mixtures with Dielectric Constants in the Microwave Frequency Range

Abstract

Microwave dielectric ceramic materials are extensively utilized in microwave applications because of their high dielectric constants and quality factors. These applications also require ceramics of zero temperature coefficients at the resonant frequency (τ_ f ), which can be realized through mixing a ceramic that one is interested in with another ceramic with –τ_ f , or by performing the ionic substitution. With the mixing/ionic substitution, it is indispensable to compute the quality factors precisely. Previous study indicates that the quality factor depends on the grain size, porosity, internal strain, structure, phase evolution, and conductivity etc. Here we derive a quality factor formula based on the definition, which works very well for multiphase composites, single phase solid solutions, and equivalent ionic substituted single phase materials. Our formula calculation and fits to the previous experimental results demonstrate that the quality factor of the ceramic mixtures strongly depend on the dielectric constants and the dielectric constant variation index. Our results suggest that the impacts from grain size, porosity, and internal strain etc. can be summarized to the dielectric constant or dielectric constant variation index, which is of great importance for future design of high performance microwave dielectric ceramics.

Additional Information

© 2017 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Received: 13 July 2017; Accepted: 09 October 2017; Published online: 26 October 2017. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51672038 and 51402039). Hetuo Chen gratefully acknowledges the support provided by China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201506070064) during a visit to the California Institute of Technology. Hao Yang acknowledges the support provided by China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201608320161) during a visit to the California Institute of Technology. Author Contributions: Bin Tang and Hetuo Chen designed this project. Hetuo Chen collected the data and derived the formula. Hetuo Chen, Xuewen Fu, Qi An, Bin Tang, Shuren Zhang, and Hao Yang constructed the manuscript and supervised the theory derivation. Yin Long, Mark Harfouche, Huolei Wang, and Yingxiang Li contributed to the scientific discussion and manuscript presentation. All authors reviewed the manuscript and agreed to submit the paper. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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August 19, 2023
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October 17, 2023