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Published October 13, 2017 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Contrasting carbon cycle responses of the tropical continents to the 2015–2016 El Niño

Abstract

The 2015–2016 El Niño led to historically high temperatures and low precipitation over the tropics, while the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) was the largest on record. Here we quantify the response of tropical net biosphere exchange, gross primary production, biomass burning, and respiration to these climate anomalies by assimilating column CO_2, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbon monoxide observations from multiple satellites. Relative to the 2011 La Niña, the pantropical biosphere released 2.5 ± 0.34 gigatons more carbon into the atmosphere in 2015, consisting of approximately even contributions from three tropical continents but dominated by diverse carbon exchange processes. The heterogeneity of the carbon-exchange processes indicated here challenges previous studies that suggested that a single dominant process determines carbon cycle interannual variability.

Additional Information

© 2017 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Received 9 December 2016; accepted 6 July 2017. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). All the computations were performed on the NASA Ames supercomputers. The data used in this study can be obtained from http://cmsflux.jpl.nasa.gov/DS-Science.aspx. This work was supported in part by the NASA Carbon Monitoring System program (grant 14-CMS14-0054) and the NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Science team program (grant 14-OCO2_14-0007 and 11-OCO211-0024). K.R.G. acknowledges the NSF Faculty Early Career Developent Program award (CAREER 0846358).

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August 22, 2023
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