K2-136: A Binary System in the Hyades Cluster Hosting a Neptune-sized Planet

Creators: Ciardi, David R.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Feinstein, Adina D.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Petigura, Erik A.; David, Trevor J.; Bristow, Makennah; Patel, Rahul I.; Arnold, Lauren; Benneke, Björn; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Dressing, Courtney D.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Sinukoff, Evan; Thackeray, Beverly

Abstract

We report the discovery of a Neptune-size planet (R_p = 3.0 R⊕) in the Hyades Cluster. The host star is in a binary system, comprising a K5V star and M7/8V star with a projected separation of 40 au. The planet orbits the primary star with an orbital period of 17.3 days and a transit duration of 3 hrs. The host star is bright (V = 11.2, J = 9.1) and so may be a good target for precise radial velocity measurements. K2-136A c is the first Neptune-sized planet to be found orbiting in a binary system within an open cluster. The Hyades is the nearest star cluster to the Sun, has an age of 625–750 Myr, and forms one of the fundamental rungs in the distance ladder; understanding the planet population in such a well-studied cluster can help us understand and set constraints on the formation and evolution of planetary systems.

Additional Information

© 2017 The American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Received 2017 September 29; revised 2017 November 3; accepted 2017 November 6; published 2017 December 12. The authors thank the Andrew Mann and his collaborators for contacting us regarding their efforts so that we could work together to submit our respective discovery papers. We also note that another paper was submitted after the submission of our paper that is consistent with the results presented here (Livingston et al. 2017). The authors thank the referee for comments, which helped to improve the clarity of the manuscript. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive and the ExoFOP website, which are operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. M.B. acknowledges support from the North Carolina Space Grant Consortium. L.A. acknowledges support from NASA's Minority University Research and Education Program Institutional Research Opportunity to the University of the Virgin Islands. B.T. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. DGE1322106 and NASA's Minority University Research and Education Program. Finally, D.R.C. would like to dedicate this paper to Teresa Ciardi for her years of insight into all of his papers—and this paper was no exception.

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