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Published October 1, 2017 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Crystalline nickel manganese antimonate as a stable water-oxidation catalyst in aqueous 1.0 M H_2SO_4

Abstract

Water oxidation is a required half-reaction for electrochemical water splitting. To date, the only well-established active oxygen-evolution catalysts stable under operating conditions and at rest in acidic aqueous media contain Ru or Ir, two of the scarcest non-radioactive elements on Earth. We report herein a nickel-manganese antimonate electrocatalyst with a rutile-type crystal structure that requires an initial voltammetric overpotential of 672 ± 9 mV to catalyze the oxidation of water to O_2(g) at a rate corresponding to 10 mA cm^(−2) of current density when operated in contact with 1.0 M sulfuric acid. Under galvanostatic control, the overpotential initially rose from 670 mV but was then stable at 735 ± 10 mV for 168 h of continuous operation at 10 mA cm^(−2). We additionally provide an in-depth evaluation of the stability of the nickel-manganese antimonate electrocatalyst, including elemental characterization of the surface, bulk, and electrolyte before and after electrochemical operation.

Additional Information

© 2017 Royal Society of Chemistry. The article was received on 28 May 2017, accepted on 10 Aug 2017 and first published on 10 Aug 2017. This work is supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under award no. DE-SC0004993 to the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub. I. M. H. acknowledges a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144469. This work was also supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation under Award No. GBMF1225. C. G. R. acknowledges the Resnick Sustainability Institute for a post-doctoral fellowship. We thank N. Dalleska and P. Buabthong for assistance with mass spectroscopy measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, respectively.

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