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Published January 13, 1993 | Published
Book Section - Chapter Open

Imaging and etching: soft x-ray microscopy on whole wet cells

Abstract

We have produced images of whole wet tissue culture cells with the Stony Brook/BNL scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM). For fixed cells we have taken images at theoretical resolutions of ~50-75 nm, and in practice have measured FWHM of features down to near 100 nm, without any exotic image processing. For un-fixed (i.e., initially live) cells we have imaged with 100 nm pixels and measured features down to 250 nm. In order to do this we have developed, tested, and used a wet cell for maintaining fixed or live cells on the STXM stage during imaging. Our design of the wet cell and the culture substrates that go with it make the STXM compatible with almost all standard systems for surface adherent tissue culture. We show some new images of whole wet fixed and unfixed cells, with visible sub-micron features. We also report data that helps to characterize the tissue damage due to x-ray absorption during STXM imaging.

Additional Information

© 1993 SPIE. We would like to thank J. Kirz, C. Jacobsen, S. Williams and C.J. Buckley who all helped to take this data and explain the microscope to the authors. This work was supported by the NSF under grant DIR-8820376. Imaging took place at the NSLS, which is supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract DE-AC02-76CH00016. The STXM is supported by the NSF under grant DIR-9005893. The zone plate used for these experiments was made by Dr. Erik Anderson, under a collaborative agreement between the LBL Center for X-Ray Optics and the Nanostructure Fabrication Group at IBM Research.

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