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Published August 2017 | Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

Granulocytes as models for human protein marker identification following nicotine exposure

Abstract

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric cation channels expressed in the mammalian CNS, in the peripheral nervous system, and in skeletal muscle. Neuronal-type nAChRs are also found in several non-neuronal cell types, including leukocytes. Granulocytes are a subtype of leukocytes that include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Granulocytes, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, are characterized by their ability to produce, store, and release compounds from intracellular granules. Granulocytes are the most abundant type of leukocyte circulating in the peripheral blood. Granulocyte abundance, nAChR expression, and nAChR upregulation following chronic nicotine administration makes granulocytes interesting models for identifying protein markers of nicotine exposure. Nicotinic receptor subunits and several non-nAChR proteins have been identified as protein markers of granulocyte nicotine exposure. We review methods to isolate granulocytes from human tissue, summarize present data about the expression of nAChRs in the three granulocyte cell types (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils), describe current knowledge of the effects of nicotine exposure on human granulocyte protein expression, and highlight areas of interest for future investigation.

Additional Information

© 2017 International Society for Neurochemistry. Issue online: 8 August 2017; Version of record online: 8 August 2017; Manuscript Accepted: 1 March 2017; Manuscript Revised: 28 February 2017; Manuscript Received: 16 November 2016. This work was funded by National Institutes of Health (DA036061). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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August 21, 2023
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