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Published September 16, 2004 | public
Journal Article

Altering Hydrogen Storage Properties by Hydride Destabilization through Alloy Formation: LiH and MgH_2 Destabilized with Si

Abstract

Alloying with Si is shown to destabilize the strongly bound hydrides LiH and MgH_2. For the LiH/Si system, a Li_(2.35)Si alloy forms upon dehydrogenation, causing the equilibrium hydrogen pressure at 490 °C to increase from approximately 5 × 10^(-5) to 1 bar. For the MgH_2/Si system, Mg_2_Si forms upon dehydrogenation, causing the equilibrium pressure at 300 °C to increase from 1.8 to >7.5 bar. Thermodynamic calculations indicate equilibrium pressures of 1 bar at approximately 20 °C and 100 bar at approximately 150 °C. These conditions indicate that the MgH2/Si system, which has a hydrogen capacity of 5.0 wt %, could be practical for hydrogen storage at reduced temperatures. The LiH/Si system is reversible and can be cycled without degradation. Absorption/desorption isotherms, obtained at 400−500 °C, exhibited two distinct flat plateaus with little hysteresis. The plateaus correspond to formation and decomposition of various Li silicides. The MgH2/Si system was not readily reversible. Hydrogenation of Mg2Si appears to be kinetically limited because of the relatively low temperature, <150 °C, required for hydrogenation at 100 bar. These two alloy systems show how hydride destabilization through alloy formation upon dehydrogenation can be used to design and control equilibrium pressures of strongly bound hydrides.

Additional Information

© 2004 American Chemical Society. Received 26 January 2004. Published online 19 August 2004. Published in print 1 September 2004. C.C.A. would like to acknowledge partial support for this work by DOE through Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Grant No. DE-FC36-01GO11090 and by the Chemical and Environmental Sciences Laboratory of General Motors Research and Development Center. This research was partially performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology under contract with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Additional details

Created:
August 19, 2023
Modified:
October 25, 2023