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Published January 20, 2017 | Published + Submitted
Journal Article Open

On the Early-time Excess Emission in Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae

Abstract

We present the light curves of the hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe I) PTF 12dam and iPTF 13dcc, discovered by the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory. Both show excess emission at early times and a slowly declining light curve at late times. The early bump in PTF 12dam is very similar in duration (~10 days) and brightness relative to the main peak (2–3 mag fainter) compared to that observed in other SLSNe I. In contrast, the long-duration (>30 days) early excess emission in iPTF 13dcc, whose brightness competes with that of the main peak, appears to be of a different nature. We construct bolometric light curves for both targets, and fit a variety of light-curve models to both the early bump and main peak in an attempt to understand the nature of these explosions. Even though the slope of the late-time decline in the light curves of both SLSNe is suggestively close to that expected from the radioactive decay of ^(56)Ni and ^(56)Co, the amount of nickel required to power the full light curves is too large considering the estimated ejecta mass. The magnetar model including an increasing escape fraction provides a reasonable description of the PTF 12dam observations. However, neither the basic nor the double-peaked magnetar model is capable of reproducing the light curve of iPTF 13dcc. A model combining a shock breakout in an extended envelope with late-time magnetar energy injection provides a reasonable fit to the iPTF 13dcc observations. Finally, we find that the light curves of both PTF 12dam and iPTF 13dcc can be adequately fit with the model involving interaction with the circumstellar medium.

Additional Information

© 2017 The American Astronomical Society. Received 2016 September 21; revised 2016 November 29; accepted 2016 November 29; published 2017 January 18. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the DNRF. A.G.-Y. is supported by the EU/FP7 via ERC grant No. 307260, the Quantum Universe I-Core program by the Israeli Committee for planning and funding, and the ISF, GIF, Minerva, and ISF grants, WIS-UK "making connections," and Kimmel and ARCHES awards. Support for D.A.P. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51296.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. M.S. acknowledges support from EU/FP7-ERC grant 615929. E.O.O. is incumbent of the Arye Dissentshik career development chair and is grateful to support by grants from the Willner Family Leadership Institute Ilan Gluzman (Secaucus NJ), Israel Science Foundation, Minerva, and the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and The Israel Science Foundation. Support for I.A. was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF6-170148. A.V.F.'s supernova group at UC Berkeley is supported through NSF grant AST-1211916, the TABASGO Foundation, and the Christopher R. Redlich Fund. The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, provided staff, computational resources, and data storage for this project. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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Published - Vreeswijk_2017_ApJ_835_58.pdf

Submitted - 1609.08145v3.pdf

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Additional details

Created:
August 19, 2023
Modified:
October 24, 2023