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Published November 15, 2016 | Published
Journal Article Open

Optical response from terahertz to visible light of electronuclear transitions in LiYF_4:Ho^(3+)

Abstract

Because of its role as a model system with tunable quantum fluctuations and quenched disorder, and the desire for optical control and readout of its states, we have used high-resolution optical absorption spectroscopy to measure the crystal-field excitations for Ho^(3+) ions in LiHo_xY_(1−x)F_4 from the terahertz to visible regimes. We show that many of the excitations yield very narrow lines visibly split even by the nuclear hyperfine interaction, making Ho^(3+) in LiHo_xY_(1−x)F_4 a candidate host for optically addressable electronuclear qubits with quality factors as high as Q = 4.7 × 10^5, where the higher-lying levels are electronic singlets. Optical transitions in the easily accessible near- and mid-infrared are narrow enough to allow readout of the ground-state electronuclear qubits responsible for the interesting magnetism of LiHo_xY_(1−x)F_4. While many of the higher-lying states have been observed previously, we also report here detailed spectra of terahertz excitations. The strengths of the electric and magnetic dipole crystal-field transition lines of five of the lowest excited spin-orbit manifolds of dilute LiYF_4:Ho^(3+) were calculated and compared with measurement. The magnitude of the nuclear hyperfine coupling was used to assign the correct upper and lower states to transition lines.

Additional Information

© 2016 American Physical Society. (Received 4 May 2016; revised manuscript received 18 October 2016; published 21 November 2016) The work at Caltech was supported by US Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Award No. DE-SC0014866. Work at UCL was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grants No. EP/H026622/1 and No. EP/M009564/1.

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