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Published April 2016 | Published + Submitted
Journal Article Open

Dust properties across the CO snowline in the HD 163296 disk from ALMA and VLA observations

Abstract

Context. To characterize the mechanisms of planet formation it is crucial to investigate the properties and evolution of protoplanetary disks around young stars, where the initial conditions for the growth of planets are set. The high spatial resolution of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations now allows the study of radial variations of dust properties in nearby resolved disks and the investigation of the early stages of grain growth in disk midplanes. Aims. Our goal is to study grain growth in the well-studied disk of the young, intermediate-mass star HD 163296 where dust processing has already been observed and to look for evidence of growth by ice condensation across the CO snowline, which has already been identified in this disk with ALMA. Methods. Under the hypothesis of optically thin emission, we compare images at different wavelengths from ALMA and VLA to measure the opacity spectral index across the disk and thus the maximum grain size. We also use a Bayesian tool based on a two-layer disk model to fit the observations and constrain the dust surface density. Results. The measurements of the opacity spectral index indicate the presence of large grains and pebbles (≥1 cm) in the inner regions of the disk (inside ~50 AU) and smaller grains, consistent with ISM sizes, in the outer disk (beyond 150 AU). Re-analyzing ALMA Band 7 science verification data, we find (radially) unresolved excess continuum emission centered near the location of the CO snowline at ~90 AU. Conclusions. Our analysis suggests a grain size distribution consistent with an enhanced production of large grains at the CO snowline and consequent transport to the inner regions. Our results combined with the excess in infrared scattered light suggests there is a structure at 90 AU involving the whole vertical extent of the disk. This could be evidence of small scale processing of dust at the CO snowline.

Additional Information

© 2016 ESO. Received: 6 October 2015. Accepted: 27 January 2016. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2011.0.000010.SV. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. We are grateful to Antonio Garufi for many discussions and for sharing his infrared polarization images.We thank Sebastian Stammler for insightful discussions on the effect of the CO snowline on dust and for showing us the results of his simulations in advance of publication. We thank the anonymous referee for the helpful comments. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The fits have been carried out on the computing facilities of the computational Center for Particle and Astrophysics (C2PAP) as part of the approved project "Dust evolution in protoplanetary disks". M.T. and L.T. are grateful for the experienced support by F. Beaujean (C2PAP). This work was partly supported by the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012 – iALMA (CUP C52I13000140001).

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Submitted - 05243785.pdf

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August 22, 2023
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