Solution structure of an intramolecular DNA triplex containing an N^7-glycosylated guanine which mimics a protonated cytosine

Abstract

The three-dimensional structure of a pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine DNA triplex containing an N^7-glycosylated guanine (^7G) in the third strand has been determined by NMR spectroscopy, restrained molecular dynamics calculations, and complete relaxation matrix refinement. Glycosylation of the guanine at the N^7 position permits it to adopt a conformation such that the Hoogsteen face of the base mimics the arrangement of hydrogen bond donors seen in protonated cytosine. The NMR data confirm the previously proposed hydrogen bonding scheme of the ^7G·G·C triplet. The three-dimensional structure of the triplex accommodates the ^7G with less distortion of the phosphodiester backbone than would be required for an N^9-glycosylated guanine in the same sequence position, but some changes in the positions of the phosphodiester backbone are present compared to a C^+·G·C triplet. The structure provides a rationale for the observations that ^7G binds to Watson-Crick G·C base pairs with higher specificity and affinity than guanine, but with a lower stability at pH 5.2 than would be provided by a canonical C^+·G·C triplet.

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