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Published May 2016 | public
Journal Article

MicroRNAs as regulatory elements in immune system logic

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of haematopoietic cell fate decisions. They act by negatively regulating the expression of key immune development genes, thus contributing important logic elements to the regulatory circuitry. Deletion studies have made it increasingly apparent that they confer robustness to immune cell development, especially under conditions of environmental stress such as infectious challenge and ageing. Aberrant expression of certain miRNAs can lead to pathological consequences, such as autoimmunity and haematological cancers. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which several miRNAs influence immune development and buffer normal haematopoietic output, first at the level of haematopoietic stem cells, then in innate and adaptive immune cells. We then discuss the pathological consequences of dysregulation of these miRNAs.

Additional Information

© 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Published online 28 April 2016. The preparation of this review was supported by the US National Institute of Health (RO1AI079243 to D.B.), the National Research Service Award (CA183220 to A.M.) and the University of California, Los Angeles/California Institute of Technology Medical Scientist Training Program (A.M.). The authors also thank J. Zhao, D. Rao and M. Mann for their comments in preparation of this manuscript.

Errata

MicroRNAs as regulatory elements in immune system logic Arnav Mehta & David Baltimore Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 400 (2016) doi:10.1038/nri.2016.65

Additional details

Created:
August 20, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023