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Published August 11, 2015 | Published + Submitted
Journal Article Open

Spatially resolved Spitzer-IRS spectral maps of the superwind in M82

Abstract

We have mapped the superwind/halo region of the nearby starburst galaxy M82 in the mid-infrared with Spitzer − IRS. The spectral regions covered include the H_2 S(1)–S(3), [Ne II], [Ne III] emission lines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features. We estimate the total warm H2 mass and the kinetic energy of the outflowing warm molecular gas to be between M_(warm) ∼ 5 and 17 × 10^6 M_⊙ and E_K ∼ 6 and 20 × 10^(53) erg. Using the ratios of the 6.2, 7.7 and 11.3 μm PAH features in the IRS spectra, we are able to estimate the average size and ionization state of the small grains in the superwind. There are large variations in the PAH flux ratios throughout the outflow. The 11.3/7.7 and the 6.2/7.7 PAH ratios both vary by more than a factor of 5 across the wind region. The northern part of the wind has a significant population of PAH's with smaller 6.2/7.7 ratios than either the starburst disc or the southern wind, indicating that on average, PAH emitters are larger and more ionized. The warm molecular gas to PAH flux ratios (H_2/PAH) are enhanced in the outflow by factors of 10–100 as compared to the starburst disc. This enhancement in the H_2/PAH ratio does not seem to follow the ionization of the atomic gas (as measured with the [Ne III]/[Ne II] line flux ratio) in the outflow. This suggests that much of the warm H_2 in the outflow is excited by shocks. The observed H_2 line intensities can be reproduced with low-velocity shocks (v < 40 km s^(−1)) driven into moderately dense molecular gas (10^2 < n_H < 10^4 cm^(−3)) entrained in the outflow.

Additional Information

© 2015 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted 2015 May 13. Received 2015 April 24. In original form 2014 July 18. First published online June 13, 2015. We would like to thank an anonymous referee for a number of helpful comments which helped improve the quality of this paper. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which was operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This work is dedicated to the memory of our friend and colleague, CE.

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Created:
September 28, 2023
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October 24, 2023