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Published December 2005 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

New tools for visualization and analysis of morphogenesis in spherical embryos

Abstract

Many classical models of development, including amphibians, fish, and echinoderms, have embryos that are approximately spherical and contain concentric cell layers during early development. Neighbor relationships in such curved cell layers are not conveniently assayed or measured by conventional physical or optical sectioning techniques. To answer these challenges, we have constructed computational methods that correct for spherical distortion in 2D images and that allow extraction of concentric cell layers from 3D digital images. These methods for quantitative analysis and visualization of early development in spherical embryos are introduced by using them for the quantitative analysis of 2D and 3D images of gastrula stage Xenopus laevis.

Additional Information

© 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Received 14 February 2005; Revised 8 July 2005; Accepted 22 July 2005. Published online 28 September 2005. We thank Resolution Sciences Corporation (now Microscience Group, Inc.) for donating instrument time to image the frog embryos for this project; R. Kerschmann, M. Reddington, L. Garrett, P. Guthrie, M. Bolles, M. Haugh, and B. Herrera for technical assistance with SIM. We thank Sara M. Peyrot for providing the embryos shown in Figure 2. A.J.E. thanks Zena Werb for space and support during the writing of this manuscript. This work was funded in part by the Human Brain Project (EB00232) with contributions from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Center for Research Resources (RR13625), the National Institute of Mental Health MH61223, and by a National Institute of Childhood Diseases grant to S.E.F. A.J.E. was supported by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Interfaces Program via the Caltech Initiative in Computational Molecular Biology. J.B.W. is supported by a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences.

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