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Published June 1, 2015 | Published + Submitted
Journal Article Open

An ALMA Constraint on the GSC 6214-210 B Circum-substellar Accretion Disk Mass

Abstract

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of GSC 6214-210 A and B, a solar-mass member of the 5–10 Myr Upper Scorpius association with a 15 ± 2 M_(Jup) companion orbiting at ≈330 AU (2."2). Previous photometry and spectroscopy spanning 0.3–5 μm revealed optical and thermal excess as well as strong Hα and Pa β emission originating from a circum-substellar accretion disk around GSC 6214-210 B, making it the lowest-mass companion with unambiguous evidence of a subdisk. Despite ALMA's unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution, neither component was detected in our 880 μm (341 GHz) continuum observations down to a 3σ limit of 0.22 mJy/beam. The corresponding constraints on the dust mass and total mass are <0.15 M_⨁ and <0.05 M_(Jup), respectively, or <0.003% and <0.3% of the mass of GSC 6214-210 B itself assuming a 100:1 gas-to-dust ratio and characteristic dust temperature of 10–20 K. If the host star possesses a putative circum-stellar disk then at most it is a meager 0.0015% of the primary mass, implying that giant planet formation has certainly ceased in this system. Considering these limits and its current accretion rate, GSC 6214-210 B appears to be at the end stages of assembly and is not expected to gain any appreciable mass over the next few megayears.

Additional Information

© 2015 American Astronomical Society. Received 2015 April 3; accepted 2015 May 6; published 2015 May 28. We are grateful to the referee for helpful comments, Jonathan Swift for productive discussions about pursuing this idea, and Vanessa Bailey for providing zero point flux densities for MMT and LBT filters. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00487.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. We utilized data products from the 2MASS, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services together with the VizieR catalog access tool and SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, were invaluable resources for this work. Facility: ALMA

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Submitted - 1505.01483v1.pdf

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Created:
September 15, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023