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Published July 1, 2015 | Submitted + Published + Supplemental Material
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SN 2009ib: a Type II-P supernova with an unusually long plateau

Abstract

We present optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2009ib, a Type II-P supernova in NGC 1559. This object has moderate brightness, similar to those of the intermediate-luminosity SNe 2008in and 2009N. Its plateau phase is unusually long, lasting for about 130 d after explosion. The spectra are similar to those of the subluminous SN 2002gd, with moderate expansion velocities. We estimate the 56Ni mass produced as 0.046 ± 0.015 M_⊙. We determine the distance to SN 2009ib using both the expanding photosphere method (EPM) and the standard candle method. We also apply EPM to SN 1986L, a Type II-P SN that exploded in the same galaxy. Combining the results of different methods, we conclude the distance to NGC 1559 as D = 19.8 ± 3.0 Mpc. We examine archival, pre-explosion images of the field taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, and find a faint source at the position of the SN, which has a yellow colour [(V − I)0 = 0.85 mag]. Assuming it is a single star, we estimate its initial mass as M_ZAMS = 20 M_⊙. We also examine the possibility, that instead of the yellow source the progenitor of SN 2009ib is a red supergiant star too faint to be detected. In this case, we estimate the upper limit for the initial zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) mass of the progenitor to be ∼14–17 M_⊙. In addition, we infer the physical properties of the progenitor at the explosion via hydrodynamical modelling of the observables, and estimate the total energy as ∼0.55 × 10^51 erg, the pre-explosion radius as ∼400 R_⊙, and the ejected envelope mass as ∼15 M_⊙, which implies that the mass of the progenitor before explosion was ∼16.5–17 M_⊙.

Additional Information

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted 2015 April 15. Received 2015 March 30; in original form 2015 January 4. First published online May 12, 2015. We thank the referee for the useful comments that helped to improve this manuscript. We thank Luc Dessart for sending us his models in digital format and for his comments; Mark Phillips for sending us the photometric data of SN 1986L; and Giorgos Leloudas for observing SN 2009ib. KT was supported by the Gemini-CONICYT Fund, allocated to the project no. 32110024 and by CONICYT through the FONDECYT grant 3150473. Support for KT, GP, FB, and MH is provided by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC12009, awarded to the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS. We acknowledge the TriGrid VL project and the INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padua for the use of computer facilities. MLP acknowledges financial support from CSFNSM and from the PRIN-INAF 2011 'Transient Universe: from ESO Large to PESSTO' (P.I. S. Benetti). SB, NER, and EC are also partially supported by the same PRIN-INAF. NER acknowledges the support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 267251 'Astronomy Fellowships in Italy' (AstroFIt). MF received support from the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360. SJS acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement no. [291222] and STFC grants ST/I001123/1 and ST/L000709/1. MDS. gratefully acknowledges generous support provided by the Danish Agency for Science and Technology and Innovation realized through a Sapere Aude Level 2 grant. Data of this work have been taken in the framework of the European supernova collaboration involved in ESO-NTT large programme 184.D-1140 led by Stefano Benetti. Partially based on observations made with the REM Telescope, INAF Chile. We wish to thank the REM team for technical support, and in particular Dino Fugazza, for their help in setting-up the observations. Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina). Data were obtained under the Gemini programsGS-2009B-Q-40 and GS-2009BQ-67. This research is based in part on observations made with the SMARTS Consortium 1.3 m telescope and the Prompt Telescopes located at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), Chile; the Very Large Telescope located at Paranal Observatory under the programmes 084.D-0261 and 083.D-0131. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program no. 9042. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, the HyperLeda data base, NASAs Astrophysics Data System. The availability of these services is gratefully acknowledged.

Attached Files

Published - MNRAS-2015-Takáts-3137-54.pdf

Submitted - 1504.02404v3.pdf

Supplemental Material - suppl_data.zip

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023