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Published February 2016 | Submitted
Journal Article Open

Optimal Placement of Distributed Energy Storage in Power Networks

Abstract

We formulate the optimal placement, sizing and control of storage devices in a power network to minimize generation costs with the intent of load shifting. We assume deterministic demand, a linearized DC approximated power flow model and a fixed available storage budget. Our main result proves that when the generation costs are convex and nondecreasing, there always exists an optimal storage capacity allocation that places zero storage at generation-only buses that connect to the rest of the network via single links. This holds regardless of the demand profiles, generation capacities, line-flow limits and characteristics of the storage technologies. Through a counterexample, we illustrate that this result is not generally true for generation buses with multiple connections. For specific network topologies, we also characterize the dependence of the optimal generation cost on the available storage budget, generation capacities and flow constraints.

Additional Information

© 2015 IEEE. Manuscript received December 15, 2013; revised August 14, 2014, November 15, 2014, and April 29, 2015; accepted May 3, 2015. Date of publication May 26, 2015; date of current version January 26, 2016. The work of B. Hassibi was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants CNS-0932428, CCF-1018927, CCF-1423663, and CCF-1409204, by the Office of Naval Research under the MURI Grant N00014-08-0747, by a Grant from Qualcomm Inc., and by the King Abdulaziz University. This work was also supported in part by the NSF through NetSE CNS 0911041, ARPA-E through GENI DE-AR0000226, Southern California Edison, by the National Science Council of Taiwan through NSC 103-3113-P-008-001, by the Los Alamos National Lab (DoE), Caltech's Resnick Institute, and Andreas Mentzelopoulos Scholarships of the University of Patras. Recommended by Associate Editor D. Dochain.

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