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Published April 2008 | Supplemental Material + Published
Journal Article Open

An experimental study of the effect of off-fault damage on the velocity of a slip pulse

Abstract

The effect of off-fault damage on the speed of ruptures propagating on faults in photoelastic Homalite plates was measured using high-speed digital photography. The off-fault damage was composed of a network of fractures introduced by thermally shocking the Homalite in liquid nitrogen. The mode II rupture speed measured in damaged Homalite was significantly lower than the limiting Rayleigh speed of v_r = 0.92 v_s, even after the shear wave speed v_s was reduced to a value appropriate for the fracture-damaged Homalite. The additional slowing is most likely caused by frictional sliding on preexisting cracks, especially since we did not observe the generation of new fractures. The spatial extent of the interaction between the rupture and the off-fault damage was measured using samples in which the damage was limited to a band of width 2w centered on the fault and also using damaged samples containing a band of undamaged Homalite centered on the fault. By measuring the rupture velocity as a function of w, the interaction between the rupture and off-fault damage was observed to be limited to a distance of about 1 cm from the fault plane. This agrees with the spatial extent of Coulomb failure near the tip of a dynamic slip pulse predicted by the analytic model developed by Rice et al. (2005).

Additional Information

Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union. Received 15 June 2007; revised 16 October 2007; accepted 4 December 2007; published 8 April 2008. Ronald Biegel and Charles Sammis would like to acknowledge the generous support of the National Science Foundation grants EAR-0510142 and EAR-0711171 to the University of Southern California. They would also like to acknowledge the generous support of the U.S. Geological Survey, grant 07HQGR0035 to the University of Southern California. Ares Rosakis would like to acknowledge the generous support of the National Science Foundation, grant EAR-0538307 to the California Institute of Technology. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. Our thanks to James Rice, Elizabeth Templeton, and Harsha Bhat for many helpful discussions. This is SCEC contribution 1126.

Attached Files

Published - jgrb15450.pdf

Supplemental Material - jgrb15450-sup-0001-t01.txt

Supplemental Material - jgrb15450-sup-0002-t02.txt

Supplemental Material - jgrb15450-sup-0003-t03.txt

Supplemental Material - jgrb15450-sup-0004-t04.txt

Supplemental Material - jgrb15450-sup-0005-t05.txt

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