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Published August 2014 | Submitted + Published
Journal Article Open

A Low Temperature Nonlinear Optical Rotational Anisotropy Spectrometer for the Determination of Crystallographic and Electronic Symmetries

Abstract

Nonlinear optical generation from a crystalline material can reveal the symmetries of both its lattice structure and underlying ordered electronic phases and can therefore be exploited as a complementary technique to diffraction based scattering probes. Although this technique has been successfully used to study the lattice and magnetic structures of systems such as semiconductor surfaces, multiferroic crystals, magnetic thin films, and multilayers, challenging technical requirements have prevented its application to the plethora of complex electronic phases found in strongly correlated electron systems. These requirements include an ability to probe small bulk single crystals at the μm length scale, a need for sensitivity to the entire nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor, oblique light incidence reflection geometry, and incident light frequency tunability among others. These measurements are further complicated by the need for extreme sample environments such as ultra low temperatures, high magnetic fields, or high pressures. In this review we present a novel experimental construction using a rotating light scattering plane that meets all the aforementioned requirements. We demonstrate the efficacy of our scheme by making symmetry measurements on a μm scale facet of a small bulk single crystal of Sr_2IrO_4 using optical second and third harmonic generation.

Additional Information

© 2014 American Institute of Physics. Received 4 May 2014; accepted 14 July 2014; published online 5 August 2014. D.H. acknowledges partial support by the U. S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-13-1-0059. Instrumentation for the NHG-RA setup was partially supported by a U. S. Army Research Office DURIP award under Grant No. W911NF-13-1-0293. D.H. acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (PHY-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant No. GBMF1250. G.C. acknowledges NSF support via Grant No. DMR-1265162.

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Submitted - 1406.4411v1.pdf

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