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Published February 2014 | Supplemental Material + Published
Journal Article Open

Tectonic control on ^(10)Be-derived erosion rates in the Garhwal Himalaya, India

Abstract

Erosion in the Himalaya is responsible for one of the greatest mass redistributions on Earth and has fueled models of feedback loops between climate and tectonics. Although the general trends of erosion across the Himalaya are reasonably well known, the relative importance of factors controlling erosion is less well constrained. Here we present 25 ^(10)Be-derived catchment-averaged erosion rates from the Yamuna catchment in the Garhwal Himalaya, northern India. Tributary erosion rates range between ~0.1 and 0.5 mm yr^(−1) in the Lesser Himalaya and ~1 and 2 mm yr^(−1) in the High Himalaya, despite uniform hillslope angles. The erosion-rate data correlate with catchment-averaged values of 5 km radius relief, channel steepness indices, and specific stream power but to varying degrees of nonlinearity. Similar nonlinear relationships and coefficients of determination suggest that topographic steepness is the major control on the spatial variability of erosion and that twofold to threefold differences in annual runoff are of minor importance in this area. Instead, the spatial distribution of erosion in the study area is consistent with a tectonic model in which the rock uplift pattern is largely controlled by the shortening rate and the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault (MHT). Our data support a shallow dip of the MHT underneath the Lesser Himalaya, followed by a midcrustal ramp underneath the High Himalaya, as indicated by geophysical data. Finally, analysis of sample results from larger main stem rivers indicates significant variability of ^(10)Be-derived erosion rates, possibly related to nonproportional sediment supply from different tributaries and incomplete mixing in main stem channels.

Additional Information

© 2013 American Geophysical Union. Received 28 August 2013; revised 13 November 2013; accepted 26 November 2013; published 3 February 2014. This research was funded by the DFG graduate school GK1364 (DFG grant STR373/21-1). D.S. is grateful for support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. We thank J.-P. Avouac for helpful discussions and T. Tsering Lonpo for support during fieldwork. The constructive comments of A.Webb and two anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor N. Gasparini helped improving the manuscript.

Attached Files

Published - jgrf20186.pdf

Supplemental Material - 2013JF002955text01.pdf

Supplemental Material - 2013JF002955ts01.txt

Supplemental Material - 2013JF002955ts02.txt

Supplemental Material - read_me.txt

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