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Published January 2014 | Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

Phase-Variance Optical Coherence Tomography - A Technique for Noninvasive Angiography

Abstract

Purpose: Phase-variance optical coherence tomography (PV-OCT) provides volumetric imaging of the retinal vasculature without the need for intravenous injection of a fluorophore. We compare images from PV-OCT and fluorescein angiography (FA) for normal individuals and patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Design: This is an evaluation of a diagnostic technology. Participants: Four patients underwent comparative retinovascular imaging using FA and PV-OCT. Imaging was performed on 1 normal individual, 1 patient with dry AMD, 1 patient with exudative AMD, and 1 patient with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Fluorescein angiography imaging was performed using a Topcon Corp (Tokyo, Japan) (TRC-50IX) camera with a resolution of 1280 (H) × 1024 (V) pixels. The PV-OCT images were generated by software data processing of the entire cross-sectional image from consecutively acquired B-scans. Bulk axial motion was calculated and corrected for each transverse location, reducing the phase noise introduced from eye motion. Phase variance was calculated through the variance of the motion-corrected phase changes acquired within multiple B-scans at the same position. Repeating these calculations over the entire volumetric scan produced a 3-dimensional PV-OCT representation of the vasculature. Main Outcome Measures: Feasibility of rendering retinal and choroidal microvasculature using PV-OCT was compared qualitatively with FA, the current gold standard for retinovascular imaging. Results: Phase-variance OCT noninvasively rendered a 2-dimensional depth color-coded vasculature map of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. The choriocapillaris was imaged with better resolution of microvascular detail using PV-OCT. Areas of geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization imaged by FA were depicted by PV-OCT. Regions of capillary nonperfusion from diabetic retinopathy were shown by both imaging techniques; there was not complete correspondence between microaneurysms shown on FA and PV-OCT images. Conclusions: Phase-variance OCT yields high-resolution imaging of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature that compares favorably with FA.

Additional Information

© 2014 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. Originally received: March 27, 2013. Final revision: August 30, 2013. Accepted: September 4, 2013. Available online: October 22, 2013. Manuscript no. 2013-497. The author(s) have made the following disclosure(s): D.M.S., J.F., and S.E.F. hold an issued patent on the PV-OCT technology. They also hold founders' shares in a company with an interest in the technology. The remaining authors have no conflict of interest. Supported by the National Eye Institute (EY 014743), Research to Prevent Blindness, Beckman Institute, That Man May See Foundation, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Med-into-Grad Initiative (56006769). The sponsors and funding agencies had no role in the design or conduct of this research.

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August 19, 2023
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October 25, 2023