CLASH: Complete Lensing Analysis of the Largest Cosmic Lens MACS J0717.5+3745 and Surrounding Structures

Creators: Medezinski, Elinor; Sayers, Jack; Mroczkowski, Tony; Czakon, Nicole; Golwala, Sunil

Abstract

The galaxy cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 (z = 0.55) is the largest known cosmic lens, with complex internal structures seen in deep X-ray, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, and dynamical observations. We perform a combined weak- and strong-lensing analysis with wide-field BVR_ci'z' Subaru/Suprime-Cam observations and 16-band Hubble Space Telescope observations taken as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble. We find consistent weak distortion and magnification measurements of background galaxies and combine these signals to construct an optimally estimated radial mass profile of the cluster and its surrounding large-scale structure out to 5 Mpc h^(–1). We find consistency between strong-lensing and weak-lensing in the region where these independent data overlap, <500 kpc h^(–1). The two-dimensional weak-lensing map reveals a clear filamentary structure traced by distinct mass halos. We model the lensing shear field with nine halos, including the main cluster, corresponding to mass peaks detected above 2.5σ_κ. The total mass of the cluster as determined by the different methods is M_(vir) ≈ (2.8 ± 0.4) × 10^(15) M_☉. Although this is the most massive cluster known at z > 0.5, in terms of extreme value statistics, we conclude that the mass of MACS J0717.5+3745 by itself is not in serious tension with ΛCDM, representing only a ~2σ departure above the maximum simulated halo mass at this redshift.

Additional Information

© 2013 American Astronomical Society. Received 2013 April 3; accepted 2013 August 30; published 2013 October 15. Based in part on data collected at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Society of Japan. We acknowledge useful discussions with Nobuhiro Okabe, Assaf Horesh, Omer Bromberg, and Preethi Nair. We thank Nick Kaiser for making the IMCAT package publicly available. We thank G. MarkVoit for having contributed to theACCEPT-based X-ray mass measurements in advance of publication. We are grateful to Zoltan Levay who crafted the HST color image. We are grateful to Jason Rhodes and Richard Massey for providing us with the RRG package. The CLASH Multi-Cycle Treasury Program is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. ACS was developed under NASA contract NAS 5-32864. E.M. is supported by NASA grant HST-GO-12065.01-A. K.U. acknowledges partial support from the National Science Council of Taiwan (grant NSC100-2112-M-001-008-MY3) and from the Academia Sinica Career Development Award. The Bolocam observations were partially supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This material is based upon work at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-0838261). J.S. is supported by NSF/AST0838261 and NASA/NNX11AB07G. N.C. is partially supported by a NASA Graduate Student Research Fellowship. A.Z. is supported by the "Internationale Spitzenforschung II/2" of the Baden-Württemberg Stiftung. T.M. is provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF0-110077. This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. M.N. acknowledges support from PRIN-INAF 2010.

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