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Published July 26, 2013 | Submitted + Published
Journal Article Open

Universality, Maximum Radiation, and Absorption in High-Energy Collisions of Black Holes with Spin

Abstract

We explore the impact of black hole spins on the dynamics of high-energy black hole collisions. We report results from numerical simulations with γ factors up to 2.49 and dimensionless spin parameter χ=+0.85, +0.6, 0, -0.6, -0.85. We find that the scattering threshold becomes independent of spin at large center-of-mass energies, confirming previous conjectures that structure does not matter in ultrarelativistic collisions. It has further been argued that in this limit all of the kinetic energy of the system may be radiated by fine tuning the impact parameter to threshold. On the contrary, we find that only about 60% of the kinetic energy is radiated for γ=2.49. By monitoring apparent horizons before and after scattering events we show that the "missing energy" is absorbed by the individual black holes in the encounter, and moreover the individual black-hole spins change significantly. We support this conclusion with perturbative calculations. An extrapolation of our results to the limit γ→∞ suggests that about half of the center-of-mass energy of the system can be emitted in gravitational radiation, while the rest must be converted into rest-mass and spin energy.

Additional Information

© 2013 American Physical Society. Received 26 November 2012; revised 26 June 2013; published 23 July 2013. E. B.'s research is supported by NSF CAREER Grant No. PHY-1055103. F. P acknowledges support from the NSF through CAREER Grant No. PHY-0745779, FRG Grant No. 1065710, and the Simons Foundation. U.S. acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal Programme and Grant No. FIS2011-30145-C03-03 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain, the NSF TeraGrid and XSEDE Grant No. PHY-090003, RES Grants No. AECT-2012- 1-0008 and No. AECT-2012-3-0012 through the Barcelona Supercomputing Center and CESGA Grants No. ICTS- 200 and No. ICTS-221. This work was supported by the DyBHo–256667 ERC Starting Grant, the CBHEO293412 FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG Grant, the NRHEP 295189 FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IRSES Grant, and by FCT-Portugal through projects PTDC/FIS/098025/ 2008, PTDC/FIS/098032/2008, PTDC/FIS/116625/2010 and CERN/FP/116341/2010, by the Sherman Fairchild Foundation to Caltech, and STFC and BIS through the Dirac HPC initiative for the Cosmos system at the University of Cambridge.

Attached Files

Published - PhysRevLett.111.041101.pdf

Submitted - 1211.6114v2.pdf

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August 19, 2023
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