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Published July 2013 | Submitted
Journal Article Open

Electric dipole moments of nucleons, nuclei, and atoms: The Standard Model and beyond

Abstract

Searches for the permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) of molecules, atoms, nucleons and nuclei provide powerful probes of CP violation both within the Standard Model and beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The interpretation of experimental EDM limits requires careful delineation of physics at a wide range of scales, from the long-range atomic and molecular scales to the short-distance dynamics of physics at or beyond the Fermi scale. In this review, we provide a framework for disentangling contributions from physics at these disparate scales, building out from the set of dimension four and six effective operators that embody CP violation at the Fermi scale. We survey computations of hadronic and nuclear matrix elements associated with Fermi-scale CP violation in systems of experimental interest and quantify the present level of theoretical uncertainty in these calculations. Using representative BSM scenarios of current interest, we discuss ways in which the interplay of physics at various scales can generate EDMs at a potentially observable level.

Additional Information

© 2013 Elsevier B.V. The authors are grateful to T. Chupp, V. Cirigliano, J. de Vries, J. Donoghue, B. Holstein, E. Hinds, J. Hisano, T. Izubuchi, E. Mereghetti, R. Mohapatra, M. Pospelov, A. Ritz, and G. Senjanovic for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. The authors also thank T. Chupp, D. DeMille, B. Filippone, P. Harris, B. Heckel, E. Hinds, K. Kirch, Z.-T. Lu, J. Martin, and Y. Semertzidis for providing future EDM sensitivity goals and H. Guo for invaluable assistance with Figs. 5, 6 and 9. They also thank E. Shintani for providing Figs. 2 and 3. This work was supported in part by the US DOE under contract numbers DEFG02-97ER41019 (JE), DE-FG02-08ER41531 (MJRM) and DE-FG02-04ER41338 (UvK); by National Science Foundation award 1152096; and by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (MJRM) and by grant Attractivité from the Université Paris Sud (UvK).

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