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Published April 1, 2012 | Supplemental Material + Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

A comprehensive analysis of Delta signaling in pre-gastrular sea urchin embryos

Abstract

In sea urchin embryos Delta signaling specifies non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM). Despite the identification of some direct targets, several aspects of Delta Notch (D/N) signaling remain supported only by circumstantial evidence. To obtain a detailed and more complete image of Delta function we followed a systems biology approach and evaluated the effects of D/N perturbation on expression levels of 205 genes up to gastrulation. This gene set includes virtually all transcription factors that are expressed in a localized fashion by mid-gastrulation, and which thus provide spatial regulatory information to the embryo. Also included are signaling factors and some pigment cell differentiation genes. We show that the number of pregastrular D/N signaling targets among these regulatory genes is small and is almost exclusively restricted to non-skeletogenic mesoderm genes. However, Delta signaling also activates foxY in the small micromeres. As is the early NSM, the small micromeres are in direct contact with Delta expressing skeletogenic mesoderm. In contrast, no endoderm regulatory genes are activated by Delta signaling even during the second phase of delta expression, when this gene is transcribed in NSM cells adjacent to the endoderm. During this phase Delta provides an ongoing input which continues to activate foxY expression in small micromere progeny. Disruption of the second phase of Delta expression specifically abolishes specification of late mesodermal derivatives such as the coelomic pouches to which the small micromeres contribute.

Additional Information

© 2012 Elsevier Inc. Received 14 December 2011. Revised 18 January 2012. Accepted 20 January 2012. Available online 27 January 2012. We would like to thank Andy Ransick, Jongmin Nam, Joel Smith, and Dave McClay for their invaluable insights and technical assistance. Many thanks also to Celina Juliano for countless discussions and help with preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grant HD-37105 and the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust.

Attached Files

Accepted Version - nihms358201.pdf

Supplemental Material - mmc1.xls

Supplemental Material - mmc2.xls

Supplemental Material - mmc3.xls

Supplemental Material - mmc4.xls

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Created:
August 22, 2023
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October 17, 2023