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Published November 1996 | Published
Journal Article Open

Nonlinear optical properties of push–pull polyenes for electro-optics

Abstract

Improved nonlinear organic chromophores of varying conjugation length with either thiobarbituric acid or 3-dicyanomethylene-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-1,1-dioxide (FORON® Blue) acceptors have been synthesized and investigated for their nonlinear optical properties. Very large quadratic hyperpolarizabilities β(−2ω; ω, ω) have been found, up to 25,700×10^(−48) esu at λ=1.91 μm. In a guest–host polymer very high electro-optic (EO) coefficients, of up to 55 pm/V, have been determined at λ=1.31 μm with 20-wt % chromophore loading. We find good agreement between molecular parameters evaluated by electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH) and the measurements of guest–host solid–solid solutions. The latter method is well suited to the determination of the product of dipole moment μ and hyperpolarizability β quickly and reliably at the wavelength of interest for EO applications without the complications associated with EFISH measurements.

Additional Information

© 1996 Optical Society of America. Received August 4, 1995; revised manuscript received February 21, 1996. We thank P. Seitzer, R. Eberwein, M. Philippona, M. Boussemghoune, G. Recoque, and R. Iseli for their contributions to synthesis of the molecules and help with the experiments. M. Stähelin thanks the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds for support.

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