Published January 2011
| public
Journal Article
The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Creators
- Abreu, P.
- Pavlidou, V.
Abstract
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The ''hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.
Additional Information
© 2010 Elsevier B.V. Received 30 June 2010; revised 27 September 2010; accepted 4 October 2010. Available online 10 October 2010. The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), inanciadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique ucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft undForschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fürWissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF),Ministerodell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca(MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek(NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30 and N N202 207238, Poland; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucía, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02- 07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC/ HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 22684
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20110307-093952685
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
- Fundación Antorchas
- Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza
- Municipalidad de Malargüe
- Municipalidad de Malargüe
- Australian Research Council
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
- AVCR AV0Z10100502
- Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
- AV0Z10100522
- Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
- GAAVKJB300100801
- Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
- KJB100100904
- Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
- MSMT-CR LA08016
- Czech Republic
- LC5271M06002
- Czech Republic
- MSM0021620859
- Czech Republic
- Czech Republic
- Centre de Calcul
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Conseil Régional Ile-de-France
- Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS) (France)
- Département Sciences de l'Univers , (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (Germany)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) (Germany)
- Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung
- Nordrhein-Westfalen
- Ministerium für Wissenschaft
- Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) (Italy)
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
- Ministerodell' Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) Italy
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Mexico
- Ministerie van Onderwijs
- Cultuur en Wetenschap
- Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands
- 1 P03 D 014 30
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education Poland
- N N202 207238
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education Poland
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal
- Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology
- Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia
- Comunidad de Madrid
- Consejerı´a de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha
- FEDER funds
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN)
- Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucía, Xunta de Galicia, Spain
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
- DE-AC02-07CH11359
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE-FR02-04ER41300
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- 0450696
- NSF
- Grainger Foundation
- ALFA-EC/HELEN
- MEIF-CT-2005-025057
- European Union 6th Framework Program
- PIEF-GA-2008-220240
- European Union 7th Framework Program
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- Created
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2011-03-08Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-09Created from EPrint's last_modified field