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Published April 8, 2010 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Human memory strength is predicted by theta-frequency phase-locking of single neurons

Abstract

Learning from novel experiences is a major task of the central nervous system. In mammals, the medial temporal lobe is crucial for this rapid form of learning. The modification of synapses and neuronal circuits through plasticity is thought to underlie memory formation. The induction of synaptic plasticity is favoured by coordinated action-potential timing across populations of neurons. Such coordinated activity of neural populations can give rise to oscillations of different frequencies, recorded in local field potentials. Brain oscillations in the theta frequency range (3–8 Hz) are often associated with the favourable induction of synaptic plasticity as well as behavioural memory. Here we report the activity of single neurons recorded together with the local field potential in humans engaged in a learning task. We show that successful memory formation in humans is predicted by a tight coordination of spike timing with the local theta oscillation. More stereotyped spiking predicts better memory, as indicated by higher retrieval confidence reported by subjects. These findings provide a link between the known modulation of theta oscillations by many memory-modulating behaviours and circuit mechanisms of plasticity.

Additional Information

© 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Received 19 August 2009; accepted 27 January 2010. Published online 24 March 2010. We thank all patients for their participation; the staff of the Huntington Memorial Hospital epilepsy unit; C. Heller, L. Philpot and W. Sutherling for their support; and F. Mormann, G. Laurent and R. Adolphs for discussion. Funding was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the William T. Gimbel Discovery Fund and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Author Contributions: U.R. designed and performed experiments, wrote analysis methods, analysed data and wrote the paper; A.N.M. and I.B.R. performed surgery; A.N.M. designed experiments; E.M.S. designed experiments and wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results.

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