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Published April 2, 2010 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Orchestration of Floral Initiation by APETALA1

Abstract

The MADS-domain transcription factor APETALA1 (AP1) is a key regulator of Arabidopsis flower development. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying AP1 function, we identified its target genes during floral initiation using a combination of gene expression profiling and genome-wide binding studies. Many of its targets encode transcriptional regulators, including known floral repressors. The latter genes are down-regulated by AP1, suggesting that it initiates floral development by abrogating the inhibitory effects of these genes. Although AP1 acts predominantly as a transcriptional repressor during the earliest stages of flower development, at more advanced stages it also activates regulatory genes required for floral organ formation, indicating a dynamic mode of action. Our results further imply that AP1 orchestrates floral initiation by integrating growth, patterning, and hormonal pathways.

Additional Information

© 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Received 26 November 2009; accepted 4 March 2010. We are grateful to T. Mastro for help with microarray hybridizations, S. Kushnir for generating AP1 antibodies, Y. Hanzawa and D. Bradley for providing transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion lines, and E. Graciet for help with AP1-GR detection in nuclear extracts. This work was supported by grants from Science Foundation Ireland (06/IN.1/B851 to F.W.), European Union (EU)–Marie Curie program (Transistor-MRTNCT-2004–512285 to G.C.A. and IRG-224864 to J.L.R.), NSF (2010-0520193 to J.L.R. and E.M.M.), Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (BFU2008-04251 to J.L.R. and BIO2006-10994 and BIO2009-10876 to F.M.), and by the Millard and Muriel Jacobs Laboratory at Caltech. G.C.A. was also supported by the Netherlands Proteomics Centre and CBSG, which are part of the Netherlands Genomic Initiative. K.K. and J.M.M. were supported by fellowships from the EU–Marie Curie program; J.M.M. was also supported by CBSG and a Horizon grant (#93519020). T.F. was supported by a fellowship from CRAG. Microarray data have been deposited with the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus under accession numbers GSE20184 and GSE20138 and the sequencing data under accession number GSE20176.

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August 19, 2023
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