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Published March 2009 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Chfr is linked to tumour metastasis through the downregulation of HDAC1

Abstract

Chfr is a ubiquitin ligase that functions in the mitotic checkpoint by delaying entry into metaphase in response to mitotic stress. It has been suggested that Chfr is a tumour suppressor as Chfr is frequently silenced in human cancers. To better understand how Chfr activity relates to cell-cycle progression and tumorigenesis, we sought to identify Chfr-interacting proteins using affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which represses transcription by deacetylating histones, was newly isolated as a Chfr-interacting protein. Chfr binds and downregulates HDAC1 by inducing its polyubiquitylation, both in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of Chfr in cancer cells that normally do not express it results in downregulation of HDAC1, leading to upregulation of the Cdk inhibitor p21^(CIP1/WAF1) and the metastasis suppressors KAI1 and E-cadherin. Coincident with these changes, cells arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and become less invasive. Collectively, our data suggest that Chfr functions as a tumour suppressor by regulating HDAC1.

Additional Information

© 2009 Nature Publishing Group. Received 27 August 2008; accepted 4 November 2008; published online 1 February 2009. We thank S. H. Baek (SNU) for reagents. This work was supported by grants from the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (M10533010001‑07N3301‑00110), the SRC program (R11‑2005‑009‑02002‑0), the Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2002-015-CS0069) and the BK21 program. Y.E.K. was supported by the Seoul Science Fellowship.

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